题解 | #识别有效的IP地址和掩码并进行分类统计#

import sys
ipmasks = []
while True:
    try:
        ip,mask = input().strip().split('~')
        ipmasks.append([ip, mask])
    except:
#         print(sys.exc_info())
        break

#检查ip是否合法
def checkip(ip):
    ips = ip.split('.')
    if len(ips) != 4:
        return False
    for i in ips:
        if not i.isdecimal():
            return False
    return True

#检查掩码是否合法
def checkmask(mask):
    if mask == "0.0.0.0" or mask == "255.255.255.255":
        return False
    ms = list(map(int,mask.split('.')))
    if len(ms) != 4:
        return False
    value = 0
    for m in ms:
        value = m + (value << 8)
    yu = 0
    for i in range(31):
        if(value == 0):
            return False    
        #低位是0,高位是1,就是有问题
        if yu == 1 and value % 2 == 0:
            return False
        yu = value % 2
        value >>= 1
    return True

#用个数组,元素表示各个结果的个数
result = [0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
for ipmask in ipmasks:
    ip = ipmask[0]
    mask = ipmask[1]
    if not checkmask(mask):
        result[5] += 1
        continue
    ips= ip.split('.')
    if (ips[0] == '0' and len(ips) == 4) or (ips[0] == '127' and len(ips) == 4):
        continue
    if not checkip(ip):
        result[5] += 1
        continue

    ipvalues = ip.split('.')
    ip1 = int(ipvalues[0])
    if ip1 < 127:
        result[0] += 1
    elif ip1 < 192:
        result[1] += 1
    elif ip1 < 224:
        result[2] += 1
    elif ip1 < 240:
        result[3] += 1
    else:
        result[4] += 1

    if ipvalues[1].isdecimal():
        ip2 = int(ipvalues[1])
        if ip1 == 10 or (ip1 == 172 and 16 <= ip2 <= 31) or (ip1 == 192 and ip2 == 168):
            result[6] += 1
print(' '.join(map(str,result)))