LeetCode | 1387. 将整数按权重排序【Python】

LeetCode 1387. Sort Integers by The Power Value将整数按权重排序【Medium】【Python】【排序】

Problem

The power of an integer x is defined as the number of steps needed to transform x into 1 using the following steps:

if x is even then x = x / 2
if x is odd then x = 3 * x + 1

For example, the power of x = 3 is 7 because 3 needs 7 steps to become 1 (3 --> 10 --> 5 --> 16 --> 8 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1).

Given three integers lo, hi and k. The task is to sort all integers in the interval [lo, hi] by the power value in ascending order, if two or more integers have the same power value sort them by ascending order.

Return the k-th integer in the range [lo, hi] sorted by the power value.

Notice that for any integer x (lo <= x <= hi) it is guaranteed that x will transform into 1 using these steps and that the power of x is will fit in 32 bit signed integer.

Example 1:

Input: lo = 12, hi = 15, k = 2
Output: 13
Explanation: The power of 12 is 9 (12 --> 6 --> 3 --> 10 --> 5 --> 16 --> 8 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1)
The power of 13 is 9
The power of 14 is 17
The power of 15 is 17
The interval sorted by the power value [12,13,14,15]. For k = 2 answer is the second element which is 13.
Notice that 12 and 13 have the same power value and we sorted them in ascending order. Same for 14 and 15.

Example 2:

Input: lo = 1, hi = 1, k = 1
Output: 1

Example 3:

Input: lo = 7, hi = 11, k = 4
Output: 7
Explanation: The power array corresponding to the interval [7, 8, 9, 10, 11] is [16, 3, 19, 6, 14].
The interval sorted by power is [8, 10, 11, 7, 9].
The fourth number in the sorted array is 7.

Example 4:

Input: lo = 10, hi = 20, k = 5
Output: 13

Example 5:

Input: lo = 1, hi = 1000, k = 777
Output: 570

Constraints:

1 <= lo <= hi <= 1000
1 <= k <= hi - lo + 1

问题

力扣

我们将整数 x 的权重定义为按照下述规则将 x 变成 1 所需要的步数：

如果 x 是偶数，那么 x = x / 2
如果 x 是奇数，那么 x = 3 * x + 1

比方说，x=3 的权重为 7 。因为 3 需要 7 步变成 1 （3 --> 10 --> 5 --> 16 --> 8 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1）。

给你三个整数 lo， hi 和 k 。你的任务是将区间 [lo, hi] 之间的整数按照它们的权重升序排序，如果大于等于 2 个整数有相同的权重，那么按照数字自身的数值升序排序。

请你返回区间 [lo, hi] 之间的整数按权重排序后的第 k 个数。

注意，题目保证对于任意整数 x （lo <= x <= hi），它变成 1 所需要的步数是一个 32 位有符号整数。

示例 1：

输入：lo = 12, hi = 15, k = 2
输出：13
解释：12 的权重为 9（12 --> 6 --> 3 --> 10 --> 5 --> 16 --> 8 --> 4 --> 2 --> 1）
13 的权重为 9
14 的权重为 17
15 的权重为 17
区间内的数按权重排序以后的结果为 [12,13,14,15] 。对于 k = 2 ，答案是第二个整数也就是 13 。
注意，12 和 13 有相同的权重，所以我们按照它们本身升序排序。14 和 15 同理。

示例 2：

输入：lo = 1, hi = 1, k = 1
输出：1

示例 3：

输入：lo = 7, hi = 11, k = 4
输出：7
解释：区间内整数 [7, 8, 9, 10, 11] 对应的权重为 [16, 3, 19, 6, 14] 。
按权重排序后得到的结果为 [8, 10, 11, 7, 9] 。
排序后数组中第 4 个数字为 7 。

示例 4：

输入：lo = 10, hi = 20, k = 5
输出：13

示例 5：

输入：lo = 1, hi = 1000, k = 777
输出：570

提示：

1 <= lo <= hi <= 1000
1 <= k <= hi - lo + 1

思路

排序

将数值、权重构造成字典，然后按照先 value 再 key 排序。

Python3代码

class Solution:
    def getKth(self, lo: int, hi: int, k: int) -> int:
        nums, weight = [], []
        for x in range(lo, hi + 1):
            nums.append(x)
            weight.append(self.step(x))
        # 将两个列表合并成字典
        dic = dict(zip(nums, weight))

        # 先根据权重排序，再根据数值排序
        res = sorted(dic.items(), key=lambda x: (x[1],x[0]))
        return res[k-1][0]

    def step(self, x):
        cnt = 0
        if x == 1:
            return cnt
        while x != 1:
            if x % 2:
                x = 3 * x + 1
            else:
                x = x / 2
            cnt += 1
        return cnt