Java框架之Mybatis
平时我们都用JDBC访问数据库,除了需要自己写SQL之外,还必须操作Connection, Statement, ResultSet 这些其实只是手段的辅助类。 不仅如此,访问不同的表,还会写很多雷同的代码,显得繁琐和枯燥。
多对多(三张表)
order映射文件
那么用了Mybatis之后,只需要自己提供SQL语句,其他的工作,诸如建立连接,Statement, JDBC相关异常处理等等都交给Mybatis去做了,那些重复性的工作Mybatis也给做掉了,我们只需要关注在增删改查等操作层面上,而把技术细节都封装在了我们看不见的地方。
HelloWorld编写
- 准备数据库和数据表,并导入相关数据
- 新建项目,并导入相关jar包
- 准备实体类,用于映射表。
public class Category { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
- 配置实体类的文件Category.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <select id="listCategory" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ </select> </mapper>
- 在src目录下创建mybatis的主配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typeAliases> <package name="com.how2java.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="admin"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration>
- 测试类
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session=sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); List<Category> cs=session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }
对数据库的CRUD
配置文件Category.xml,即实体类的映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <insert id="addCategory" parameterType="Category" > insert into category_ ( name ) values (#{name}) </insert> <delete id="deleteCategory" parameterType="Category" > delete from category_ where id= #{id} </delete> <select id="getCategory" parameterType="_int" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ where id= #{id} </select> <update id="updateCategory" parameterType="Category" > update category_ set name=#{name} where id=#{id} </update> <select id="listCategory" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ </select> </mapper>
对应的CRUD代码:
增加
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); Category c = new Category(); c.setName("新增加的Category"); session.insert("addCategory",c); listAll(session); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void listAll(SqlSession session) { List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }删除:
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); Category c = new Category(); c.setId(6); session.delete("deleteCategory",c); listAll(session); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void listAll(SqlSession session) { List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }获取:
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); Category c= session.selectOne("getCategory",3); System.out.println(c.getName()); // listAll(session); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void listAll(SqlSession session) { List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }修改:
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); Category c= session.selectOne("getCategory",3); c.setName("修改了的Category名稱"); session.update("updateCategory",c); listAll(session); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void listAll(SqlSession session) { List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }查询所有:
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); listAll(session); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void listAll(SqlSession session) { List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory"); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }
其他查询:
模糊查询:因为是多个参数,而selectList方法又只接受一个参数对象,所以需要把多个参数放在Map里
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <select id="listCategoryByName" parameterType="string" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ where name like concat('%',#{0},'%') </select> </mapper>多条件查询:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <select id="listCategoryByName" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ where name like concat('%',#{0},'%') </select> <select id="listCategoryByIdAndName" parameterType="map" resultType="Category"> select * from category_ where id> #{id} and name like concat('%',#{name},'%') </select> </mapper>
Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>(); params.put("id", 3); params.put("name", "cat"); List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategoryByIdAndName",params);
一对多,多对一,多对多的关联
类----产品:一对多
pojo:类中添加一个list属性,存放产品
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <resultMap type="Category" id="categoryBean"> <id column="cid" property="id" /> <result column="cname" property="name" /> <!-- 一对多的关系 --> <!-- property: 指的是集合属性的值, ofType:指的是集合中元素的类型 --> <collection property="products" ofType="Product"> <id column="pid" property="id" /> <result column="pname" property="name" /> <result column="price" property="price" /> </collection> </resultMap> <!-- 关联查询分类和产品表 --> <select id="listCategory" resultMap="categoryBean"> select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid </select> </mapper>产品------类:多对一
pojo:产品中添加一个类对象的引用。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <resultMap type="Product" id="productBean"> <id column="pid" property="id" /> <result column="pname" property="name" /> <result column="price" property="price" /> <!-- 多对一的关系 --> <!-- property: 指的是属性名称, javaType:指的是属性的类型 --> <association property="category" javaType="Category"> <id column="cid" property="id"/> <result column="cname" property="name"/> </association> </resultMap> <!-- 根据id查询Product, 关联将Orders查询出来 --> <select id="listProduct" resultMap="productBean"> select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid </select> </mapper>
多对多(三张表)
order映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <resultMap type="Order" id="orderBean"> <id column="oid" property="id" /> <result column="code" property="code" /> <collection property="orderItems" ofType="OrderItem"> <id column="oiid" property="id" /> <result column="number" property="number" /> <association property="product" javaType="Product"> <id column="pid" property="id"/> <result column="pname" property="name"/> <result column="price" property="price"/> </association> </collection> </resultMap> <select id="listOrder" resultMap="orderBean"> select o.*,p.*,oi.*, o.id 'oid', p.id 'pid', oi.id 'oiid', p.name 'pname' from order_ o left join order_item_ oi on o.id =oi.oid left join product_ p on p.id = oi.pid </select> <select id="getOrder" resultMap="orderBean"> select o.*,p.*,oi.*, o.id 'oid', p.id 'pid', oi.id 'oiid', p.name 'pname' from order_ o left join order_item_ oi on o.id =oi.oid left join product_ p on p.id = oi.pid where o.id = #{id} </select> </mapper>product映射表:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <resultMap type="Product" id="productBean"> <id column="pid" property="id" /> <result column="pname" property="name" /> <result column="price" property="price" /> <!-- 多对一的关系 --> <!-- property: 指的是属性名称, javaType:指的是属性的类型 --> <association property="category" javaType="Category"> <id column="cid" property="id"/> <result column="cname" property="name"/> </association> </resultMap> <select id="listProduct" resultMap="productBean"> select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid </select> <select id="getProduct" resultMap="productBean"> select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid where p.id = #{id} </select> </mapper>中间表:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <insert id="addOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem"> insert into order_item_ values(null,#{order.id},#{product.id},#{number}) </insert> <insert id="deleteOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem"> delete from order_item_ where oid = #{order.id} and pid = #{product.id} </insert> </mapper>
动态sql
执行不同的条件限定,需要准备不同的sql语句
如果Product的字段比较多的话,为了应付各个字段的查询,那么就需要写多条sql语句,这样就变得难以维护。
如果任何条件都不成立,那么就在sql语句里就不会出现where关键字
如果有任何条件成立,会自动去掉多出来的 and 或者 or。
set标签其效果与where标签类似,有数据的时候才进行设置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo"> <select id="listProduct" resultType="Product"> select * from product_ <if test="name!=null"> where name like concat('%',#{name},'%') </if> </select> </mapper>where标签<where>标签会进行自动判断
如果任何条件都不成立,那么就在sql语句里就不会出现where关键字
如果有任何条件成立,会自动去掉多出来的 and 或者 or。
set标签其效果与where标签类似,有数据的时候才进行设置。
注解方式表示取代xml方式:
mapper接口:public interface CategoryMapper { @Insert(" insert into category_ ( name ) values (#{name}) ") public int add(Category category); @Delete(" delete from category_ where id= #{id} ") public void delete(int id); @Select("select * from category_ where id= #{id} ") public Category get(int id); @Update("update category_ set name=#{name} where id=#{id} ") public int update(Category category); @Select(" select * from category_ ") public List<Category> list(); }mybatis-config.xml增加对mapper接口的映射
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typeAliases> <package name="com.how2java.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"/> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="admin"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/> <mapper class="com.how2java.mapper.CategoryMapper"/> </mappers> </configuration>测试类的增删改查
public class TestMybatis { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String resource = "mybatis-config.xml"; InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource); SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream); SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); CategoryMapper mapper = session.getMapper(CategoryMapper.class); // add(mapper); // delete(mapper); // get(mapper); // update(mapper); listAll(mapper); session.commit(); session.close(); } private static void update(CategoryMapper mapper) { Category c= mapper.get(8); c.setName("修改了的Category名稱"); mapper.update(c); listAll(mapper); } private static void get(CategoryMapper mapper) { Category c= mapper.get(8); System.out.println(c.getName()); } private static void delete(CategoryMapper mapper) { mapper.delete(2); listAll(mapper); } private static void add(CategoryMapper mapper) { Category c = new Category(); c.setName("新增加的Category"); mapper.add(c); listAll(mapper); } private static void listAll(CategoryMapper mapper) { List<Category> cs = mapper.list(); for (Category c : cs) { System.out.println(c.getName()); } } }