java对象复制-深拷贝和浅拷贝

前言

  今天在对ArrayList进行复制的时候,发现复制后的List中的对象的属性发生改变后,原数组也会发生改变,经过一番检索后总结出一些结论。
  在日常开发中,对象的复制是非常常见的,而实际上,复制类型也是有区分的,主要有深复制和浅复制。

浅复制

  对基本数据类型进行值传递,对引用数据类型进行引用传递般的拷贝.如图为浅拷贝的核心:

实现方式
通过java中的clone方法

  通过clone方式实现浅复制需要,它的实现必须实现 Cloneable 接口,否者将抛出 CloneNotSupportedException 这个异常。

  先给定两个实体类

public class Student1 implements Cloneable{
    Age age;
    String name;

    public Age getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Age age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student1{" +
                "age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Age {
    int num;
    
    public Age(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Age{" +
                "num=" + num +
                '}';
    }
}

  再看测试方法:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String ...args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student1 student1 = new Student1();
        Age age = new Age(21);
        student1.setAge(age);
        student1.setName("小明");
        //1.通过clone()克隆
        Student1 student2 = (Student1) student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);

        //2.修改student1
        student1.getAge().setNum(22);
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);
        //3.查看hash
        System.out.println(student1.getAge().hashCode());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge().hashCode());
    }
}

  结果如图:

结果

从结果可以看到,第一步通过调用clone()方法后,创建一个和student1一样的新对象,但这只是浅拷贝,这从第二步就可以看出,当改变student1的属性时,student2也根本改变,而且通过hash值也能看出对象属性的hash是一致的。

通过构造函数实现复制

先给定一个实体类

public class Student2 {
    Age age;
    String name;

    public Student2(Age age, String name) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }
    Student2(Student2 p2){
        this.age = p2.age;
        this.name = p2.name;
    }
    public Age getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Age age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student1{" +
                "age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
public class Age {
    int num;

    public Age(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Age{" +
                "num=" + num +
                '}';
    }
}

再给定测试类

public static void main(String ...args) {
        Age age = new Age(21);
        Student2 student1 = new Student2(age,"小明");
        //构造函数
        Student2 student2 = new Student2(student1);
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);
        //修改student1
        student1.getAge().setNum(22);
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);
        //查看对象属性的hash
        System.out.println(student1.getAge().hashCode());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge().hashCode());
    }

结果如图:


结果

同样可以看到与clone对象一样的结果。

深复制

深复制一样有两种方式实现:

  1. 序列化(serialization)这个对象,再反序列化回来,就可以得到这个新的对象,无非就是序列化的规则需要我们自己来写。
  2. 继续利用 clone() 方法,既然 clone() 方法,是我们来重写的,实际上我们可以对其内的引用类型的变量,再进行一次 clone()。

继续改写Age类,让其实现Cloneable接口,同时改写Student1的clone方法。

public class Age implements Cloneable{
    String name;
    int num;

    public Age(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Age{" +
                "num=" + num +
                '}';
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}
public class Student1 implements Cloneable{
    Age age;
    String name;

    public Age getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Age age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student1 clone = (Student1) super.clone();
        clone.age = (Age) this.age.clone();
        return clone;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student1{" +
                "age=" + age +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试方法:

public class Test {

    public static void main(String ...args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student1 student1 = new Student1();
        Age age = new Age(21);
        student1.setAge(age);
        student1.setName("小明");
        //1.通过clone()克隆
        Student1 student2 = (Student1) student1.clone();
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);

        //2.修改student1
        student1.getAge().setNum(22);
        System.out.println(student1);
        System.out.println(student2);
        //3.查看hash
        System.out.println(student1.getAge().hashCode());
        System.out.println(student2.getAge().hashCode());
    }
}

结果:

1536157402781.png

可以看到,这次在改变student1的时候,student2不会跟着改变。hash值也不一样了。

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