2025暑期实习知识点查漏补缺-[1/N]

最近准备暑期实习，准备的太迟，很多基础都还没看，面试笔试都时常卡壳，带着整理一下基础知识。

#基础算法#

from collections import deque

n, m = map(int, input().split())
graph = {v: set() for v in range(1, n+1)}
indegree = {v: 0 for v in range(1, n+1)}
result = []

for _ in range(m):
    u, v = map(int, input().split())
    graph[u].add(v)
    indegree[v] += 1

queue = deque()

for v, degree in indegree.items():
    if degree == 0:
        queue.append(v)

while queue:
    u = queue.popleft()
    result.append(u)

    for v in graph[u]:
        indegree[v] -= 1

        if indegree[v] == 0:
            queue.append(v)

if len(result) != n:

    print(-1)

else:
    for elem in result:
        print(elem, end=' ')