LeetCode | 0040. Combination Sum II组合总和 II【Python】

Problem

LeetCode

Given a collection of candidate numbers (candidates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sums to target.

Each number in candidates may only be used once in the combination.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

Example 1:

Input: candidates = [10,1,2,7,6,1,5], target = 8,
A solution set is:
[
  [1, 7],
  [1, 2, 5],
  [2, 6],
  [1, 1, 6]
]

Example 2:

Input: candidates = [2,5,2,1,2], target = 5,
A solution set is:
[
  [1,2,2],
  [5]
]

问题

力扣

给定一个数组 candidates 和一个目标数 target ，找出 candidates 中所有可以使数字和为 target 的组合。

candidates 中的每个数字在每个组合中只能使用一次。

说明：

• 所有数字（包括目标数）都是正整数。
• 解集不能包含重复的组合。

示例 1:

输入: candidates = [10,1,2,7,6,1,5], target = 8,
所求解集为:
[
  [1, 7],
  [1, 2, 5],
  [2, 6],
  [1, 1, 6]
]

示例 2:

输入: candidates = [2,5,2,1,2], target = 5,
所求解集为:
[
  [1,2,2],
  [5]
]

思路

回溯模板

res = []
def backtrack(路径, 选择列表):
    if 满足结束条件:
        res.append(路径)
        return

for 选择 in 选择列表:
    做选择
    backtrack(路径, 选择列表)
    撤销选择

Python3 代码

from typing import List

class Solution:
    def combinationSum2(self, candidates: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        n = len(candidates)
        if n == 0:
            return []

        # accelerate 剪枝提速，非必需
        candidates.sort()

        path, res = [], []
        self.dfs(candidates, 0, n, path, res, target)
        return res

    def dfs(self, candidates, start, n, path, res, target):
        # 1.valid result 递归终止情况
        if target == 0:
            res.append(path[:])
            return

        for i in range(start, n):
            tmp = target - candidates[i]
            # 3.pruning 剪枝
            if tmp < 0:
                break
            # 防止出现这种情况：一个数字使用多次
            if i > start and candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1]:
                continue
            # 2.backtrack and update 回溯以及更新 path
            path.append(candidates[i])
            self.dfs(candidates, i + 1, n, path, res, tmp)
            path.pop()

GitHub 链接

Python