[转载]Runtime详解

//类
struct objc_class {
    Class _Nonnull isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;

#if !__OBJC2__
    Class _Nullable super_class                              OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    const char * _Nonnull name                               OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long version                                             OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long info                                                OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    long instance_size                                       OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_ivar_list * _Nullable ivars                  OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_method_list * _Nullable * _Nullable methodLists                    OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_cache * _Nonnull cache                       OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    struct objc_protocol_list * _Nullable protocols          OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
#endif

} OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;

struct objc_method {
    SEL _Nonnull method_name                                 OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    char * _Nullable method_types                            OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
    IMP _Nonnull method_imp                                  OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;
}                                                            OBJC2_UNAVAILABLE;

Objc.h
/// An opaque type that represents a method selector.代表一个方法的不透明类型
typedef struct objc_selector *SEL;

/// A pointer to the function of a method implementation.  指向一个方法实现的指针
typedef id (*IMP)(id, SEL, ...); 
#endif

name：是指 class_name 而不是 category_name。
cls：要扩展的类对象，编译期间是不会定义的，而是在Runtime阶段通过name对 应到对应的类对象。
instanceMethods：category中所有给类添加的实例方法的列表。
classMethods：category中所有添加的类方法的列表。
protocols：category实现的所有协议的列表。
instanceProperties：表示Category里所有的properties，这就是我们可以通过objc_setAssociatedObject和objc_getAssociatedObject增加实例变量的原因，不过这个和一般的实例变量是不一样的。

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    //执行foo函数
    [self performSelector:@selector(foo:)];
}

+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel {
    if (sel == @selector(foo:)) {//如果是执行foo函数，就动态解析，指定新的IMP
        class_addMethod([self class], sel, (IMP)fooMethod, "v@:");
        return YES;
    }
    return [super resolveInstanceMethod:sel];
}

void fooMethod(id obj, SEL _cmd) {
    NSLog(@"Doing foo");//新的foo函数
}

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "objc/runtime.h"

@interface Person: NSObject

@end

@implementation Person

- (void)foo {
    NSLog(@"Doing foo");//Person的foo函数
}

@end

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    //执行foo函数
    [self performSelector:@selector(foo)];
}

+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel {
    return YES;//返回YES，进入下一步转发
}

- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)aSelector {
    if (aSelector == @selector(foo)) {
        return [Person new];//返回Person对象，让Person对象接收这个消息
    }
    
    return [super forwardingTargetForSelector:aSelector];
}

@end