Allowance

As a reward for record milk production, Farmer John has decided to start paying Bessie the cow a small weekly allowance. FJ has a set of coins in N (1 <= N <= 20) different denominations, where each denomination of coin evenly divides the next-larger denomination (e.g., 1 cent coins, 5 cent coins, 10 cent coins, and 50 cent coins).Using the given set of coins, he would like to pay Bessie at least some given amount of money C (1 <= C <= 100,000,000) every week.Please help him ompute the maximum number of weeks he can pay Bessie.

Input

* Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and C 

* Lines 2..N+1: Each line corresponds to a denomination of coin and contains two integers: the value V (1 <= V <= 100,000,000) of the denomination, and the number of coins B (1 <= B <= 1,000,000) of this denomation in Farmer John's possession.

Output

* Line 1: A single integer that is the number of weeks Farmer John can pay Bessie at least C allowance

Sample Input

3 6
10 1
1 100
5 120

Sample Output

111

Hint

INPUT DETAILS: 
FJ would like to pay Bessie 6 cents per week. He has 100 1-cent coins,120 5-cent coins, and 1 10-cent coin. 

OUTPUT DETAILS: 
FJ can overpay Bessie with the one 10-cent coin for 1 week, then pay Bessie two 5-cent coins for 10 weeks and then pay Bessie one 1-cent coin and one 5-cent coin for 100 weeks.

思路:这道题只需要知道付工资的时候如果组合不出来适合的面值的工资,就要从小到大来选择面额来使超出的金钱最少。

然后在每次的找到适合面值组合中,减去他们最少的面值数量。这道题大概就可以按照这样的思路直白的写出来了。

C++版本一
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=30;
struct node
{
    int x,y;//存储钱的大小和数量
    bool operator<(const node c)const
    {
        return x>c.x;
    }
}num[maxn];
int need[maxn],n,c,kj;
//need[]函数是是存储需要哪些钱币的组合
int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&c)!=EOF)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
            scanf("%d%d",&num[i].x,&num[i].y);
        sort(num,num+n);//排序是第一步
        kj=0;
        while(1)
        {
            int sum=c;
            memset(need,0,sizeof(need));
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)//这个for循环是用于找出钱币的组合方法
            {
                if(sum>0)
                {
                    int t=sum/num[i].x;
                    if(t==0)
                        continue;
                    t=min(t,num[i].y);
                    need[i]=t;
                    sum-=t*num[i].x;
                }
            }
 
            if(sum>0)//如果在上面的组合中没有使sum变为0,则从小到大选择最小的面值组合,这样使面值超过的最小化
            {
                for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
                if(num[i].y&&num[i].x>=sum)
                {
                    sum=0;
                    need[i]++;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(sum>0)//如果组合不能达到c,怎么说明搜索结束
                break;
            int cc=2e9;
            for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)//找出这个组合成的面值中最小的数量,同时减去它们。
            {
                if(need[i])
                {
                    cc=min(cc,num[i].y/need[i]);
                }
            }
            kj+=cc;
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
                if(need[i])
            {
                num[i].y-=cc*need[i];
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n",kj);
    }
    return 0;
}

C++版本二

/*大于C的coin每周一个发给Bessie就好了
  小于C的:
      从cent最大的开始取,凑近C但不能等于C
	  从cent最小的开始取,等于或大于C 
*/
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm> 
using namespace std;
 
const int MAX_N = 25;
int N, C, ans;
 
struct coin {
	int cent;
	int num;
} a[MAX_N];
 
bool cmp(coin b, coin c)
{
	return b.cent > c.cent;
}
void init()
{
	ans = 0;//需要吗? 
	for(int i=0; i<N; i++){
		scanf("%d%d", &a[i].cent, &a[i].num);
	} 
}
void f()
{
	int i, j = N-1, sum = 0;
	for(i=0; i<N && a[i].cent>=C; i++){
		ans += a[i].num;
		a[i].num = 0; 
	} 
	out:
	for(i=0; i<N; i++){
		while(a[i].num>0){
			//从cent最大的开始取凑近或等于C但不大于C 
			sum += a[i].cent;
			a[i].num--;
			if(sum == C){
				ans++; sum = 0;
				goto out;
			}
			else if(sum > C){
				sum -= a[i].cent;
				a[i].num++;
				break;
			}
		} 
	}
	//从cent最小的开始取直到凑够C
 	for(; j>=0; j--){
 		while(a[j].num > 0){
 			sum += a[j].cent;
 			a[j].num--;
 			if(sum >= C){
 				ans++; sum = 0;
				goto out;	
			}
		} 
	} 
}
int main()
{
	while(~scanf("%d%d", &N, &C)){
		init();
		sort(a, a+N, cmp);
		f();
		printf("%d\n", ans);//记得删\n!!! 
	}
	return 0;
}

C++版本三

思路:第一时间肯定是想到浪费的越少越好。 
1. 当币值大于C的时候,就直接用这个硬币付工资。 
2. 当币值小于C的时候,就要想一种搭配方案,使得总的价值等于或者多于C但多余的钱要尽可能少,这个就比较难想到了。

而题目中有一个条件是,大的币值能被小的整除,所以若干个小的一定能凑出大的,那么可以用一个大的或若干个小的的情况下,肯定是要选用一个大的,这样之后的搭配方案才能更好的符合”超出C的钱尽可能少“这个条件。

所以, 当当币值小于C的时候,从币值最大的开始遍历,一个小于C,那两个、三个一直到n个,直到刚好等于C或者n+1个硬币大于C,如果是后者,那就选n个,在从币值更小的硬币重复上面的过程,直到刚好等于C或者全部硬币遍历完 
如果最后的全部遍历完还是不能凑到刚好等于C,那么从小到大,直到找到一个加上这个硬币刚好大于C的。如果找不到,就说明剩下的全部加起来已经没有C了,结束了

 

#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

const int MAXN = 25;
pair<int,int> p[MAXN];//存储硬币币值和数量
int n, c;

int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &c) == 2)
    {
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            scanf("%d%d", &p[i].first, &p[i].second);
        sort(p, p+n);//按币值从小到大排序
        int ans = 0, require, need[MAXN], rest;
        while(true)
        {
            rest = c;
            memset(need, 0, sizeof(need));
            for(int i=n-1; i>=0; --i)//从大到小选择
            {
                if(p[i].second>0)
                {
                    require = min(p[i].second, rest/p[i].first);//需要这个币值的硬币的数量
                    rest -= require*p[i].first;
                    need[i] = require;
                }
                if(rest == 0) break;//刚好凑出C
            }
            if(rest)
            {
                for(int i=0; i<n; i++)//从小到大选择
                {
                    if(p[i].second && p[i].first>=rest)//加上这个硬币(最小)就刚好大于C
                    {
                        rest = 0;
                        need[i]++;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if(rest) break;//两轮选择后仍然凑不齐C,结束
            int week = 1e8;//用这个方案能发多少个星期的工资
            for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            {
                if(need[i]) week = min(week, p[i].second/need[i]);
            }
            ans+=week;
            for(int i=0; i<n; i++)//把用掉的硬币减去
            {
                if(need[i]) p[i].second -= week*need[i];
            }
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

 

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