Harmony的UI基础

一、UI框架

1、所有用户界面

(1)提供了一部分ComponentComponentContainer的具体子类,即创建用户界面(UI)的各类组件,包括一些常用的组件(比如:文本、按钮、图片、列表等)和常用的布局(比如:DirectionalLayout和DependentLayout)

(2)用户可通过组件进行交互操作,并获得响应

(3)所有的UI操作都应该在主线程进行设置

2、组件分类

(1)布局类组件:也被称为布局或组件容器,为用户界面的“骨架”

(2)显示类组件:用于显示数据内容,一般不承担用户交互功能,包括文本(Text)、图像(Image)、进度条(ProgressBar)、圆形进度条(RoundProgressBar)等

(3)交互类组件:用于用户交互,同时也可以展示部分数据内容,包括文本框(TextField)、按钮(Button)、复选框(Checkbox)、单选框(RadioButton)、开关(Switch)、滑块(Slider)等

3、组件的类型


二、显示类组件

1、文本Text

(1)使用xml进行页面的构建文本标签,常见属性介绍如下:



(2)组件的属性及特征
text:显示文本
hint:提示文本
multiple_lines:多行模式设置,设置true/false
max_text_lines:文本最大行数
auto_font_size:是否支持文本自动调整文本字体大小,设置true/false

(3)走马灯效果

①ability_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
 
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="90***bsp;       ohos:text="是申小兮呀"
        ohos:text_size="40***bsp;       ohos:italic="true"
    />
 
</DirectionalLayout>

 ②MainAbilitySlice.java文件

package com.example.csdn.slice;
 
import com.example.csdn.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
 
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
 
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
        text.setTruncationMode(Text.TruncationMode.AUTO_SCROLLING);
        text.setAutoScrollingCount(Text.AUTO_SCROLLING_FOREVER);
        text.startAutoScrolling();
        text.setClickedListener(component -> {
            text.setText(text.getText()+"T");
        });
 
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

2、图像Image

(1)Image显示图片的组件

注意: 图片的资源一般存放到base目录下的media文件夹中

(2)组件的属性及特征

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Image
        ohos:id="$+id:image"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="center"
        ohos:image_src="$media:icon"
        ohos:alpha="0.5"
        ohos:scale_x="3"
        ohos:scale_y="3"
        ohos:scale_mode="zoom_center"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

3、进度条

(1)条形进度条

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <ProgressBar
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        ohos:progress_width="20***bsp;       ohos:height="100***bsp;       ohos:width="300***bsp;       ohos:max="100"
        ohos:min="0"
        ohos:background_element="black"
        ohos:progress="60"
        ohos:progress_color="#47CC47"
        ohos:divider_lines_enabled="true"
        ohos:divider_lines_number="10"
        ohos:progress_hint_text="60%"
        ohos:progress_hint_text_color="#FFCC99"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

(2)圆形进度条
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <RoundProgressBar
        ohos:id="$+id:round_progress_bar"
        ohos:height="200***bsp;       ohos:width="200***bsp;       ohos:progress_width="10***bsp;       ohos:progress="20"
        ohos:progress_color="#47CC47"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

三、交互类组件

用于用户交互,同时也可以展示部分数据内容

1、TextField文本框

(1)提供了一种文本输入框,共有XML属性继承自:Text,其常用属性如下:





2、Button按钮

(1)特点:无自有的XML属性,共有XML属性继承自Text,自带的背景如文本背景、按钮背景,通常采用XML格式放置在graphic目录下

(2)可以在graphic文件夹下,选择New -> File,命名为background_login_button.xml,来写按钮自有属性




(3)ability_main.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:id_toLogin"
        ohos:height="45***bsp;       ohos:width="200***bsp;       ohos:text="登录"
        ohos:text_size="18fp"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:top_margin="50***bsp;       ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_login_button"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

(4)按钮简单的
点击事件,MainAbilitySlice.java文件
package com.example.csdn.slice;
 
import com.example.csdn.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.TextField;
import ohos.agp.window.dialog.CommonDialog;
import ohos.hiviewdfx.HiLog;
 
import javax.tools.Tool;
 
public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
 
        Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_id_toLogin);
        button.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                //点击后执行的事件
                //创建弹窗
                CommonDialog dialog = new CommonDialog(getContext());
                dialog.setTitleText("登录界面");
                dialog.setSize(600,600);
                dialog.setMovable(true);
                dialog.show();//显示弹窗
            }
        });
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

3、CheckBox复选框

(1)特点:实现选中和取消选中的功能,多个元素的时候就需要用到多选框组件

(2)基础属性继承自Text,自有属性如下表:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Checkbox
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="敲代码"
        ohos:text_size="20***bsp;       ohos:text_color_on="#00AAEE"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"
        ohos:marked="true"
        />
    <Checkbox
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="跳舞"
        ohos:text_size="20***bsp;       ohos:text_color_on="#00AAEE"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"
        ohos:marked="false"
        />
    <Checkbox
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="唱歌"
        ohos:text_size="20***bsp;       ohos:text_color_on="#00AAEE"
        ohos:text_color_off="#000000"
        ohos:marked="false"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

4、RadioButton单选框

(1)特点:用于多选一的操作,需要搭配RadioContainer使用,实现单选效果

(2)RadioContainer:是RadioButton的容器,在其包裹下的RadioButton保证只有一个被选项

(3)基础属性继承自Text,自有属性如下表:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <RadioContainer
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <RadioButton
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="敲代码"
            ohos:text_size="20***bsp;           ohos:text_color_on="#00BFFF"
            ohos:text_color_off="#808080"
            ohos:marked="true"
            />
        <RadioButton
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="唱歌"
            ohos:text_size="20***bsp;           ohos:text_color_on="#00BFFF"
            ohos:text_color_off="#808080"
            ohos:marked="false"
            />
        <RadioButton
            ohos:height="match_content"
            ohos:width="match_content"
            ohos:text="跳舞"
            ohos:text_size="20***bsp;           ohos:text_color_on="#00BFFF"
            ohos:text_color_off="#808080"
            ohos:marked="false"
            />
    </RadioContainer>
</DirectionalLayout>

5、Switch开关

(1)特点:切换单个设置开/关两种状态的组件,实际开发中一般作为某些功能的开关


 (2)基础属性继承自Text,自有属性如下表:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    <Switch
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="今天敲代码了吗"
        ohos:text_size="20***bsp;       ohos:text_state_off="OFF"
        ohos:text_state_on="ON"
        ohos:marked="false"
        ohos:thumb_element="$media:icon"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

6、Slider滑块

(1)特点:用于页面之间切换的组件,它通过响应滑动事件完成页面间的切换


 (2)PageSlider组件:每一页都基本是一个布局,就是一个XML布局里面的一个组件,可以通过PageSliderProvider适配器,适配器本身也是一个布局,可以直接添加一个界面layout到适配器中,并在layout对应的AbilitySlice初始化数据


(3)PageSliderIndicator:主要用于展示pageslider页面滚动时对应的圆点导航

具体的代码事例在介绍适配器后,再给出吧🧐

7、Picker选择组件

(1)特点:滑动选择器,允许用户从预定义范围中进行选择

(2)共有XML属性继承自DirectionalLayout

(3)设置要显示的字符串数组,对于不直接显示数字的组件,该方法可以设置字符串与数字一一对应,注意:字符串数组长度必须等于取值范围内的值总数

Picker还有很多不同组件:DatePicker、TimePicker,因此具体的功能使用,在后续具体介绍🧐

8、TabList和Tab页签栏

(1)特点:可以实现多个页签栏的切换,Tab为某个页签,子页签通常放在内容区上方,展示不同的分类,页签名称应该简洁明了,清晰描述分类的内容

(2)Tablist的自有XML属性,见下表:


(3)具体使用
<TabList
    ohos:id="$+id:tab_list"
    ohos:top_margin="10***bsp;   ohos:tab_margin="24***bsp;   ohos:tab_length="140***bsp;   ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:height="36***bsp;   ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:layout_alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="horizontal"
    ohos:text_alignment="center"
    ohos:normal_text_color="#999999"
    ohos:selected_text_color="#FFFFFF"
    ohos:selected_tab_indicator_color="#FFFFFF"
    ohos:selected_tab_indicator_height="2vp"
/>
TabList中添加Tab
TabList tabList = (TabList) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_tab_list);
TabList.Tab tab = tabList.new Tab(getContext());
tab.setText("Image");
tabList.setFixedMode(true); //Tab较少的情况下tab自动分配宽度
tabList.addTab(tab,1);       //添加tab到tablist中,在第二个位置加入tabList.setTabLength(60); // 设置Tab的宽度
tabList.setTabMargin(26); // 设置两个Tab之间的间距
#鸿蒙#
HarmonyOS系统 文章被收录于专栏

认识HarmonyOS系统,介绍HarmonyOS系统的概念,技术架构体系,关键技术,系统安全 DevEco Studio的环境搭建,启动过程,模拟器调试 Hap相关知识

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感谢分享啊,这么详细
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发布于 2022-10-04 10:39 山西

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