删库跑路如何预防？—— Oracle创建只读账号详细教程

需求说明

现有数据库账号：HEPSUSR：具有完整权限，增删改查。

需要创建一个数据库账号：HTREADER，对HEPSUSR账号下所有的表具有只读权限。

第一步：创建只读账号

--创建只读账号 第一步
CREATE USER htreader identified by 123456;

第二步：赋予账号连接数据库等基本权限

--赋予htreader连接等常规权限
grant connect to htreader;
grant create view to htreader;
grant create session to htreader;
grant create synonym to htreader;

第三步：获取原账号的查询权限

获取原账号HEPSUSR用户的所有查询表权限
select 'grant select on '||owner||'.'||object_name||' to htreader;' from dba_objects
where owner in ('HEPSUSR') and object_type='TABLE';
 
--查询结果为新账号的赋值语句，如下图

image.png

第四步：将原账号权限赋值为新账号

在原账号HEPSUSR下执行，将原账号的查询权限 赋值给新账号 ------- grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CERT to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.SUB_MESSAGE_INFO to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CERT_RELATION to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CERT_RELATION to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_DECL_TAX to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_DOCU to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_FEES to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_GOODS_TAX to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_HEAD to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_LIST to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.ENTRY_WORKFLOW to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.IQ_APPEND to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.IQ_CERT to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.SUB_SWAP to htreader; grant select on HEPSUSR.VIN_LIST to htreader;

第五步：在新账号端创建同位显示表

因为新创建的只读账号，Tables栏中显示为空，我们需要在PL/SQL显示栏中为新账号登录界面添加显示同位元素，如下：

--在原账号HEPSUSR端执行，获取需要显示的表名称
select 'create or replace SYNONYM htreader.'||object_name|| ' for ' ||owner|| '.'||object_name||';' from dba_objects
where owner in ('HEPSUSR') and object_type='TABLE'

image.png

第六步：查询结果在新账号端执行

在只读账号HTREADER端执行：添加显示各个表信息；在SYSNONYM目录下，tables目录下无显示
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.VIN_LIST for HEPSUSR.VIN_LIST;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.SUB_SWAP for HEPSUSR.SUB_SWAP;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.SUB_MESSAGE_INFO for HEPSUSR.SUB_MESSAGE_INFO;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.IQ_CERT for HEPSUSR.IQ_CERT;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.IQ_APPEND for HEPSUSR.IQ_APPEND;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_WORKFLOW for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_WORKFLOW;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_LIST for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_LIST;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_HEAD for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_HEAD;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_GOODS_TAX for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_GOODS_TAX;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_FEES for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_FEES;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_DOCU for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_DOCU;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_DECL_TAX for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_DECL_TAX;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_CONTAINER for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CONTAINER;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_CERT_RELATION for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CERT_RELATION;
create or replace SYNONYM htreader.ENTRY_CERT for HEPSUSR.ENTRY_CERT;

第七步：执行完成之后登录新账号，查看结果

新账号可以查询原账号的所有表结构，但是无法执行增删改相关操作

image.png

第八步：执行删除、修改sql语句测试

image.png

1.查看所有用户：
select * from dba_users;
select * from all_users;
select * from user_users; 2.查看用户或角色系统权限(直接赋值给用户或角色的系统权限)：
select * from dba_sys_privs;
select * from user_sys_privs; 3.查看角色(只能查看登陆用户拥有的角色)所包含的权限
sql>select * from role_sys_privs; 4.查看用户对象权限：
select * from dba_tab_privs;
select * from all_tab_privs;
select * from user_tab_privs; 5.查看所有角色：
select * from dba_roles; 6.查看用户或角色所拥有的角色：
select * from dba_role_privs;
select * from user_role_privs;