C# winform 简单五子棋 200行代码实现人机对战

1、功能需求

接上篇博文，本文描述简单人机对战实现过程，只是简单实现考虑走一步策略，如果要想实现走多步策略，可以在本文估值算法的基础上用极大极小值配合剪枝算法，实现考虑多步策略，这样ai会显得更加聪明，后期如果有时间完善，会更新代码。

2、界面设计

参考上一篇博文的界面。

3、算法描述

其实算法非常简单，毕竟ai部分只有200行代码，所以应该只能算是实现估值函数，即当前局面走一步时最好的位置，不考虑走多步。我的思路如下：

（1）枚举当前局面棋子可能的落点，并给不同的局面赋值，越重要的局面分数会越高

（2）遍历每个可落子点

（3）在可落子点落子时，分四个方向去获得落子前后五个位置并转换成序列，然后检测该序列满足（1）中的情况，并获得一定分数累加存到字典中

（4）对字典进行排序

（5）取得分数最高的点即为最优落子点

当然，这只是考虑一步，但也有不错的棋力，如果要考虑多步，请参考前面提到的极大极小值配合剪枝算法，其实本博文的算法可以当作极大极小值配合剪枝算法的估值函数，然后只做迭代就好了。

4、代码实现

对上一博文的代码有一点小的更新，因此全部贴出代码，可能枚举时有考虑不到的情况，可能有些小问题，不过思想是没有问题的，项目代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace WindowsFormsAppAnimalRegonize
{
public partial class FormChess : Form
{
class Pos
{
public int X { get; set; }
public int Y { get; set; }
public bool Have_chess { get; set; }
public int Type { get; set; }
public Pos(int X, int Y, bool Have_chess, int Type)
{
this.X = X;
this.Y = Y;
this.Have_chess = Have_chess;
this.Type = Type;
}
}
private List<Pos> null_chess_pos_list;
private Stack<Button> cur_chess_btn_list;
private List<Button> buttons;
private int down_chess;
private string[] game_types = {"双人对战","人机对战","联网对战" };
private int cur_game_type;
private bool game_over;
public FormChess()
{
InitializeComponent();
comboBox1.Items.AddRange(game_types);
comboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0;
init_score_dict();
}
private void init_game()
{
switch(comboBox1.SelectedItem.ToString())
{
case "双人对战":
cur_game_type = 0;
break;
case "人机对战":
cur_game_type = 1;
break;
case "联网对战":
cur_game_type = 2;
break;
}
game_over = false;
//白棋先走,1为白棋2为黑棋
down_chess = 1;
if (buttons == null) buttons = new List<Button>();
if (null_chess_pos_list == null)
{
null_chess_pos_list = new List<Pos>();
for (int x = 0; x < 13; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < 13; y++)
{
new_chess_pos(30 + 50 * x, 30 + 50 * y);
var pos = new Pos(x, y, false, 0);
null_chess_pos_list.Add(pos);
}
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < null_chess_pos_list.Count; i++)
{
null_chess_pos_list[i].Have_chess = false;
null_chess_pos_list[i].Type = 0;
}
}
if (cur_chess_btn_list == null) cur_chess_btn_list = new Stack<Button>();
else
{
while (cur_chess_btn_list.Count > 0)
{
var btn = cur_chess_btn_list.Peek();
btn.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.chess_bg1;
cur_chess_btn_list.Pop();
}
}
set_down_chess_label();
}
//绘制棋盘
private void draw_chess_grid()
{
var graphics = this.CreateGraphics();
this.Show();//一定要加这句，不然无法显示
var pen = new Pen(Brushes.Black, 2.0f);
for (int x = 0; x < 13; x++)
{
var p1 = new Point(50 + x * 50, 50);
var p2 = new Point(50 + x * 50, 50 + 50 * 12);
graphics.DrawLine(pen, p1, p2);
}
for (int y = 0; y < 13; y++)
{
var p1 = new Point(50, 50 + y * 50);
var p2 = new Point(50 + 50 * 12, 50 + y * 50);
graphics.DrawLine(pen, p1, p2);
}
}
//右上方向判断
private int right_up_check(Pos pos,int count)
{
if (count == 5) {
if (pos.Type == 2)MessageBox.Show("黑方赢棋", "系统提示");
else MessageBox.Show("白方赢棋", "系统提示");
game_over = true;
}
if (pos.X + 1 <13 && pos.Y - 1 >0 && pos.Type != 0)
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(pos.X + 1, pos.Y - 1);
if (null_chess_pos_list[index].Type == pos.Type) right_up_check(null_chess_pos_list[index],count + 1);
}
return count;
}
//左上方向判断
private int left_up_check(Pos pos, int count)
{
if (count == 5)
{
if (pos.Type == 2) MessageBox.Show("黑方赢棋", "系统提示");
else MessageBox.Show("白方赢棋", "系统提示");
game_over = true;
}
if (pos.X - 1 > 0 && pos.Y - 1 > 0 && pos.Type != 0)
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(pos.X - 1, pos.Y - 1);
if (null_chess_pos_list[index].Type == pos.Type ) left_up_check(null_chess_pos_list[index], count + 1);
}
return count;
}
//横向方向判断
private int horizontal_check(Pos pos, int count)
{
if (count == 5)
{
if (pos.Type == 2) MessageBox.Show("黑方赢棋", "系统提示");
else MessageBox.Show("白方赢棋", "系统提示");
game_over = true;
}
if (pos.X + 1 < 13 && pos.Type != 0)
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(pos.X + 1, pos.Y );
if (null_chess_pos_list[index].Type == pos.Type) horizontal_check(null_chess_pos_list[index], count + 1);
}
return count;
}
//竖向方向判断
private int vertical_check(Pos pos, int count)
{
if (count == 5)
{
if (pos.Type == 2) MessageBox.Show("黑方赢棋", "系统提示");
else MessageBox.Show("白方赢棋", "系统提示");
game_over = true;
}
if (pos.Y + 1 < 13 && pos.Type != 0)
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(pos.X , pos.Y + 1);
if (null_chess_pos_list[index].Type == pos.Type) vertical_check(null_chess_pos_list[index], count + 1);
}
return count;
}
//判断赢局
private void check_win()
{
for (int i = 0; i < null_chess_pos_list.Count; i++)
{
left_up_check(null_chess_pos_list[i], 1);
right_up_check(null_chess_pos_list[i], 1);
horizontal_check(null_chess_pos_list[i], 1);
vertical_check(null_chess_pos_list[i], 1);
}
}
//初始生成下棋位置
private void new_chess_pos(int x,int y)
{
var button = new Button();
button.Location = new Point(x, y);
button.Size = new Size(40, 40);
set_btn_style(button);
this.Controls.Add(button);
button.Click += new EventHandler(button1_Click);
buttons.Add(button);
}
//窗口坐标转点坐标
private Point location_to_point(Button button)
{
return new Point((button.Location.X - 30)/50, (button.Location.Y - 30)/50);
}
//点坐标转窗口坐标
private Point point_to_location(Pos pos)
{
return new Point(pos.X * 50 +30, pos.Y * 50 +30);
}
//根据点坐标得到棋子位置索引
private int get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(int x,int y)
{
for (int i = 0; i < null_chess_pos_list.Count; i++)
if (null_chess_pos_list[i].X == x && null_chess_pos_list[i].Y == y)return i;
return -1;
}
//根据窗口坐标得到索引
private int get_btn_index_from_button_list(int x, int y)
{
for (int i = 0; i < buttons.Count; i++)
if (buttons[i].Location.X == x && buttons[i].Location.Y == y) return i;
return -1;
}
//ai走棋
private void ai_move_chess()
{
Pos pos = get_best_pos();
var point = point_to_location(pos);
var index = get_btn_index_from_button_list(point.X, point.Y);
move_chess(buttons[index]);
}
//走棋
private void move_chess(Button button)
{
var point = location_to_point(button);
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(point.X, point.Y);
if (null_chess_pos_list[index].Have_chess) return;
null_chess_pos_list[index].Have_chess = true;
if (down_chess == 2)
{
button.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.black;
null_chess_pos_list[index].Type = 2;
down_chess = 1;
}
else
{
button.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.white;
null_chess_pos_list[index].Type = 1;
down_chess = 2;
}
set_down_chess_label();
//添加到下棋栈列
cur_chess_btn_list.Push(button);
check_win();
}
// 设置透明按钮样式
private void set_btn_style(Button btn)
{
btn.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Flat;//样式
btn.ForeColor = Color.Transparent;//前景
btn.BackColor = Color.Transparent;//去背景
btn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;//去边线
btn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = Color.Transparent;//鼠标经过
btn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = Color.Transparent;//鼠标按下
}
//提示当前由哪方下棋
private void set_down_chess_label()
{
if (down_chess == 2) label_game_type.Text = "黑方下棋";
else label_game_type.Text = "白方下棋";
}
//悔棋
private void back_chess()
{
if (cur_chess_btn_list==null) return;
if (cur_chess_btn_list.Count == 0) return;
var btn = cur_chess_btn_list.Peek();
var p = location_to_point(btn);
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(p.X,p.Y);
null_chess_pos_list[index].Type = 0;
null_chess_pos_list[index].Have_chess = false;
btn.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.chess_bg1;
cur_chess_btn_list.Pop();
if (down_chess == 2) down_chess = 1;
else down_chess = 2;
set_down_chess_label();
}
//下棋点击事件
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (game_over) return;
switch (cur_game_type)
{
case 0:
move_chess((Button)sender);
break;
case 1:
move_chess((Button)sender);
ai_move_chess();
break;
case 2:
break;
}
}
//开始游戏
private void button_start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
init_game();
}
//悔棋
private void button_back_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (game_over) return;
switch (cur_game_type)
{
case 0:
back_chess();
break;
case 1:
back_chess();
back_chess();
break;
case 2:
break;
}
}
//重置游戏
private void button_reset_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
init_game();
}
//ai部分代码
private Dictionary<string, int> dict = new Dictionary<string, int>();//存储枚举分数的字典
private void init_score_dict()
{
//5个连子
dict.Add("22222",122222);
//4个连子
dict.Add("022220", 12222);
dict.Add("122220", 5222);
dict.Add("20222", 5222);
dict.Add("22022", 5222);
//3个连子
dict.Add("02220", 2522);
dict.Add("122200", 1222);
dict.Add("120220", 1222);
dict.Add("020221", 1222);
dict.Add("122020", 1222);
dict.Add("022021", 1222);
//2个连子
dict.Add("00220", 522);
dict.Add("122000", 522);
dict.Add("120200", 322);
//1个子
dict.Add("211112", 52222);
dict.Add("11121", 52222);
dict.Add("11211", 52222);
dict.Add("21110", 4222);
dict.Add("12110", 4222);
dict.Add("11210", 4222);
dict.Add("21100",822);
dict.Add("12100", 822);
dict.Add("11200", 822);
dict.Add("21000", 222);
dict.Add("12000", 222);
}
//水平方向，传入的pos均为当前要估值的pos
private string get_horizontal_pos_str(Pos head_temp_pos)
{
int head_x = head_temp_pos.X,trail_x = head_temp_pos.X,head_count =0,trail_count =0;
while (head_count<5 && head_x - 1>0)
{
head_count++;
head_x--;
}
while (trail_count < 5 && trail_x + 1 < 13)
{
trail_count++;
trail_x++;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = head_temp_pos.X - head_count; i <= head_temp_pos.X+trail_count; i++)
{
if (i == head_temp_pos.X) sb.Append(head_temp_pos.Type.ToString());
else
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(i, head_temp_pos.Y);
sb.Append(null_chess_pos_list[index].Type.ToString());
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
//竖直方向
private string get_vertical_pos_str(Pos head_temp_pos)
{
int head_y = head_temp_pos.Y, trail_y = head_temp_pos.Y, head_count = 0, trail_count = 0;
while (head_count < 5 && head_y - 1 > 0)
{
head_count++;
head_y--;
}
while (trail_count < 5 && trail_y + 1 < 13)
{
trail_count++;
trail_y++;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = head_temp_pos.Y - head_count; i <= head_temp_pos.Y + trail_count; i++)
{
if (i == head_temp_pos.Y) sb.Append(head_temp_pos.Type.ToString());
else
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(head_temp_pos.X,i);
sb.Append(null_chess_pos_list[index].Type.ToString());
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
//左上方向
private string get_left_up_pos_str(Pos head_temp_pos)
{
int head_x=head_temp_pos.X,head_y = head_temp_pos.Y, trail_x = head_temp_pos.X, trail_y = head_temp_pos.Y, head_count = 0, trail_count = 0;
while (head_count < 5 && head_y - 1 > 0 && head_x - 1>0)
{
head_count++;
head_y--;
head_x--;
}
while (trail_count < 5 && trail_y + 1 < 13 && trail_x + 1 <13)
{
trail_count++;
trail_y++;
trail_x++;
}
var step = head_temp_pos.X - head_count;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = head_temp_pos.Y - head_count; i <= head_temp_pos.Y + trail_count; i++)
{
if (i == head_temp_pos.Y) sb.Append(head_temp_pos.Type.ToString());
else
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(step, i);
sb.Append(null_chess_pos_list[index].Type.ToString());
}
step++;
}
return sb.ToString();
}
//右上方向
private string get_right_up_pos_str(Pos head_temp_pos)
{
int head_x = head_temp_pos.X, head_y = head_temp_pos.Y, trail_x = head_temp_pos.X, trail_y = head_temp_pos.Y, head_count = 0, trail_count = 0;
while (head_count < 5 && head_y + 1 < 13 && head_x - 1 > 0)
{
head_count++;
head_y++;
head_x--;
}
while (trail_count < 5 && trail_y - 1 > 0 && trail_x + 1 < 13)
{
trail_count++;
trail_y--;
trail_x++;
}
var step = head_temp_pos.Y + head_count;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = head_temp_pos.X - head_count; i <= head_temp_pos.X + trail_count; i++)
{
if (i == head_temp_pos.X) sb.Append(head_temp_pos.Type.ToString());
else
{
var index = get_pos_index_from_null_chess_list(i, step);
sb.Append(null_chess_pos_list[index].Type.ToString());
}
step--;
}
return sb.ToString();
}
//得到在位置落子时的分数
private int get_pos_score(Pos pos)
{
int value = 0;
string left_up = get_left_up_pos_str(pos);
string right_up = get_right_up_pos_str(pos);
string horizontal = get_horizontal_pos_str(pos);
string vertical = get_vertical_pos_str(pos);
foreach (KeyValuePair<string,int> pair in dict)
{
if (left_up.Contains(pair.Key) || left_up.Contains(new string(pair.Key.ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray()))) value += pair.Value;
if (right_up.Contains(pair.Key) || right_up.Contains(new string(pair.Key.ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray()))) value += pair.Value;
if (horizontal.Contains(pair.Key) || horizontal.Contains(new string(pair.Key.ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray()))) value += pair.Value;
if (vertical.Contains(pair.Key) || vertical.Contains(new string(pair.Key.ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray()))) value += pair.Value;
}
return value;
}
//得到最好的落子位置
private Pos get_best_pos()
{
var dict_score = new Dictionary<Pos, int>();
for (int i = 0; i < null_chess_pos_list.Count; i++)
{
if (null_chess_pos_list[i].Have_chess == false)
{
Pos pos = new Pos(null_chess_pos_list[i].X, null_chess_pos_list[i].Y, null_chess_pos_list[i].Have_chess,2);
dict_score.Add(null_chess_pos_list[i], get_pos_score(pos));
}
}
var temp_dict_score = dict_score.OrderByDescending(o => o.Value).ToDictionary(p =>p.Key,o => o.Value);
return temp_dict_score.Keys.First();
}
}
}