【React Native】React Native项目设计与知识点分享
闲暇之余,写了一个React Native的demo,可以作为大家的入门学习参考。
GitHub:https://github.com/xujianfu/ElmApp.git
GitHub:https://github.com/xujianfu/React-Native-CarProject.git
项目截图如下:
一、项目界面设计
1、React Navigation的应用
React Navigation 源于 React Native 社区对一个可扩展且易于使用的导航解决方案的需求,它完全使用 JavaScript 编写(因此你可以阅读并理解所有源码)。支持iOS/Android.
1、如何在项目进行使用?
yarn add react-navigation # or with npm # npm install --save react-navigation
然后,安装 react-native-gesture-handler。 如果你正在使用 Expo managed workflow,那么你什么都不需要做, SDK 中已经包含了这些. 否则:
yarn add react-native-gesture-handler # or with npm # npm install --save react-native-gesture-handler
最后进行Link 所有的原生依赖
react-native link react-native-gesture-handler
2、路由配置
为某个模块创建StackNavigator导航
const HomeStack = createStackNavigator( { Home:{ screen:HomeScreen, navigationOptions:()=>({ headerBackTitle: null, }) }, //添加多个路由 CarLoans:CarLoansScreen, CheckRules:CheckRulesScreen, }, ) ......
将多个模块添加到TabNavigator上
const TabNavigator = createBottomTabNavigator( { Home:{ screen:HomeStack, navigationOptions:({navigation}) => ({ tabBarLabel:'首页', tabBarIcon:({focused}) => ( <Image source={{uri:focused ? 'ic_tab_home_h':'ic_tab_home_n.png'}} style={styles.iconStyle}/> ), }), }, Mall:{ screen:MallStack, navigationOptions:({navigation}) => ({ tabBarLabel:'商城', tabBarIcon:({focused}) => ( <Image source={{uri:focused ? 'ic_tab_mall_h':'ic_tab_mall_n.png'}} style={styles.iconStyle}/> ) }), }, Publish:{ screen:PublishStack, navigationOptions:({navigation}) => ({ tabBarLabel:'发布', tabBarIcon:({focused}) => ( <Image source={{uri:focused ? 'ic_tab_release_h':'ic_tab_release_n.png'}} style={styles.iconStyle}/> ) }), }, Discover:{ screen:DiscoverStack, navigationOptions:({navigation}) => ({ tabBarLabel:'发现', tabBarIcon:({focused}) => ( <Image source={{uri:focused ? 'ic_tab_find_h':'ic_tab_find_n.png'}} style={styles.iconStyle}/> ) }), }, Mine:{ screen:MineStack, navigationOptions:({navigation}) => ({ tabBarLabel:'我的', tabBarIcon:({focused}) => ( <Image source={{uri:focused ? 'ic_tab_my_h':'ic_tab_my_n.png'}} style={styles.iconStyle}/> ) }), }, }, { defaultNavigationOptions: ({ navigation }) => { let tabBarVisible = true; if (navigation.state.index > 0) { tabBarVisible = false; } return { tabBarVisible, }; }, tabBarPosition:'bottom', tabBarOptions: { activeTintColor: 'blue', //选中tabbar的文字颜色 inactiveTintColor: 'gray', showIcon:true, }, } ); export default createAppContainer(TabNavigator);
2、选择相册照片或视频,或进行拍照
(1)引入react-native-image-picker
yarn add react-native-image-picker
react-native link react-native-image-picker
(2)在项目中使用react-native-image-picker
import ImagePicker from 'react-native-image-picker'; //选择图片 selectPhotoTapped() { const options = { // 弹窗标题 title: '选择图片', cancelButtonTitle: '取消', takePhotoButtonTitle: '拍照', chooseFromLibraryButtonTitle: '选择照片', // 自定义按钮 customButtons: [ {name: 'fb', title: 'Choose Photo from Facebook'}, ], // 相机类型'front' 或者 'back' cameraType: 'back', // 图片或视频:'photo','video' mediaType: 'photo', // 视频质量 videoQuality: 'high', //最大视频录制时间 durationLimit: 10, //最长宽 maxWidth: 300, //最长高, maxHeight: 300, //图片质量 quality: 0.8, angle: 0, //是否可以编辑 allowsEditing: false, //如果为真,则禁用data生成的base64字段 noData: false, // 如果提供此密钥,该图像将被保存在Documents iOS 应用程序的目录中,或者保存在PicturesAndroid上的应用程序目录(而不是临时目录) storageOptions: { skipBackup: true } }; ImagePicker.showImagePicker(options, (response) => { console.log('Response = ', response); if (response.didCancel) { console.log('User cancelled photo picker'); } else if (response.error) { console.log('ImagePicker Error: ', response.error); } else if (response.customButton) { console.log('User tapped custom button: ', response.customButton); } else { let source = { uri: response.uri }; // You can also display the image using data: // let source = { uri: 'data:image/jpeg;base64,' + response.data }; this.setState({ avatarSource: source }); } }); } //选择视频 selectVideoTapped() { const options = { title: '选择视频', cancelButtonTitle: '取消', takePhotoButtonTitle: '录制视频', chooseFromLibraryButtonTitle: '选择视频', mediaType: 'video', videoQuality: 'medium' }; ImagePicker.showImagePicker(options, (response) => { console.log('Response = ', response); if (response.didCancel) { console.log('User cancelled video picker'); } else if (response.error) { console.log('ImagePicker Error: ', response.error); } else if (response.customButton) { console.log('User tapped custom button: ', response.customButton); } else { this.setState({ videoSource: response.uri }); } }); }
3、创建切换选项卡
导入react-native-scrollable-tab-view
npm install react-native-scrollable-tab-view --save
项目中引入
//引用插件 import ScrollableTabView, { ScrollableTabBar, DefaultTabBar } from 'react-native-scrollable-tab-view'; <ScrollableTabView initialPage={0} renderTabBar={() => <ScrollableTabBar style={{borderBottomWidth: 0,height: 44}}/>} tabBarTextStyle={{fontSize:16}} tabBarActiveTextColor={'#fdd000'} tabBarInactiveTextColor={'#999999'} tabBarUnderlineStyle={{backgroundColor:'#fdd000'}} > { label.map((item,index) =>{ if (index === 0) { return <AllBusinessScreen tabLabel={item} key={index}/> } else { return <NearByBusinessScreen tabLabel={item} key={index}/> } }) } </ScrollableTabView>
4、使用Modal组件
Modal组件可以用来覆盖包含React Native根视图的原生视图(如UIViewController,Activity)。在嵌入React Native的混合应用中可以使用Modal。Modal可以使你应用中RN编写的那部分内容覆盖在原生视图上显示。
<Modal animationType={"slide"} transparent={true} visible={this.state.modalVisible} onRequestClose={()=>{alert('modal has been closed')}} > <View style={styles.modalStyle}> <View style={styles.coverStyle}> {this.renderItem()} </View> </View> </Modal> ...... renderItem(){ let itemTitleArr = ['京','沪','浙','苏','粤','鲁','晋','冀', '豫','川','渝','辽','吉','黑','皖','鄂', '湘','赣','闽','陕','甘','宁','蒙','津', '贵','云','桂','琼','青','新','藏'];; var itemArr = []; for (var i = 0; i < itemTitleArr.length; i++) { itemArr.push( <TouchableHighlight onPress={this.callBack.bind(this,itemTitleArr[i])} key={i}> <View style={styles.chooseItemStyle} > <Text style={styles.chooseTitleStyle}>{itemTitleArr[i]}</Text> </View> </TouchableHighlight> ) } return itemArr; }
5、下拉列表实现
import React, {Component} from 'react'; import {View, Text, Image, TouchableOpacity, ScrollView, Animated, Easing, StyleSheet} from 'react-native'; import PropTypes from 'prop-types'; class DropdownMenu extends Component { constructor(props, context) { super(props, context); var selectIndex = new Array(this.props.data.length); for (var i = 0; i < selectIndex.length; i++) { selectIndex[i] = 0; } this.state = { activityIndex: -1, selectIndex: selectIndex, rotationAnims: props.data.map(() => new Animated.Value(0)) }; this.defaultConfig = { bgColor: '#f5f5f5', tintColor: '#fdd000', activityTintColor: "red", arrowImg: 'ic_nav_down', checkImage: 'ic_nav_down' }; } renderChcek(index, title) { var activityIndex = this.state.activityIndex; if (this.state.selectIndex[activityIndex] === index) { var checkImage = this.props.checkImage ? this.props.checkImage : this.defaultConfig.checkImage; return ( <View style={{flex: 1, justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: "center", paddingHorizontal: 15, flexDirection: 'row'}} > <Text style={[ styles.item_text_style, this.props.optionTextStyle, {color: this.props.activityTintColor ? this.props.activityTintColor : this.defaultConfig.activityTintColor} ]} > {title} </Text> <Image source={checkImage} style={{tintColor: this.props.activityTintColor ? this.props.activityTintColor : this.defaultConfig.activityTintColor}} /> </View> ); } else { return ( <View style={{flex: 1, justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: "center", paddingHorizontal: 15, flexDirection: 'row'}} > <Text style={[ styles.item_text_style, this.props.optionTextStyle, {color: this.props.tintColor ? this.props.tintColor : this.defaultConfig.tintColor} ]} >{title}</Text> </View> ); } } renderActivityPanel() { if (this.state.activityIndex >= 0) { var currentTitles = this.props.data[this.state.activityIndex]; var heightStyle = {}; if (this.props.maxHeight && this.props.maxHeight < currentTitles.length * 44) { heightStyle.height = this.props.maxHeight; } return ( <View style={{position: 'absolute', left: 0, right: 0, top: 40, bottom: 0}}> <TouchableOpacity onPress={() => this.openOrClosePanel(this.state.activityIndex)} activeOpacity={1} style={{position: 'absolute', left: 0, right: 0, top: 0, bottom: 0}}> <View style={{opacity: 0.4, backgroundColor: 'black', flex: 1 }} /> </TouchableOpacity> <ScrollView style={[{position: 'absolute', top: 0, left: 0, right: 0, backgroundColor: 'white'}, heightStyle]} > { currentTitles.map((title, index) => <TouchableOpacity key={index} activeOpacity={1} style={{flex: 1, height: 44}} onPress={this.itemOnPress.bind(this, index)} > {this.renderChcek(index, title)} <View style={{backgroundColor: '#F6F6F6', height: 1, marginLeft: 15}} /> </TouchableOpacity> ) } </ScrollView> </View> ); } else { return (null); } } openOrClosePanel(index) { this.props.bannerAction ? this.props.bannerAction() : null; // var toValue = 0.5; if (this.state.activityIndex == index) { this.closePanel(index); this.setState({ activityIndex: -1, }); // toValue = 0; } else { if (this.state.activityIndex > -1) { this.closePanel(this.state.activityIndex); } this.openPanel(index); this.setState({ activityIndex: index, }); // toValue = 0.5; } // Animated.timing( // this.state.rotationAnims[index], // { // toValue: toValue, // duration: 300, // easing: Easing.linear // } // ).start(); } openPanel(index) { Animated.timing( this.state.rotationAnims[index], { toValue: 0.5, duration: 300, easing: Easing.linear } ).start(); } closePanel(index) { Animated.timing( this.state.rotationAnims[index], { toValue: 0, duration: 300, easing: Easing.linear } ).start(); } itemOnPress(index) { if (this.state.activityIndex > -1) { var selectIndex = this.state.selectIndex; selectIndex[this.state.activityIndex] = index; this.setState({ selectIndex: selectIndex }); if (this.props.handler) { this.props.handler(this.state.activityIndex, index); } } this.openOrClosePanel(this.state.activityIndex); } renderDropDownArrow(index) { var icon = this.props.arrowImg ? this.props.arrowImg : this.defaultConfig.arrowImg; return ( <Animated.Image source={{uri:icon}} style={{ width:6, height:4, marginLeft: 8, tintColor: (index === this.state.activityIndex) ? (this.props.activityTintColor ? this.props.activityTintColor : this.defaultConfig.activityTintColor) : (this.props.tintColor ? this.props.tintColor : this.defaultConfig.tintColor), transform: [{ rotateZ: this.state.rotationAnims[index].interpolate({ inputRange: [0, 1], outputRange: ['0deg', '360deg'] }) }] }} /> ); } render() { return ( <View style={{flexDirection: 'column', flex: 1}} > <View style={{ flexDirection: 'row', backgroundColor: this.props.bgColor ? this.props.bgColor : this.defaultConfig.bgColor}} > { this.props.data.map((rows, index) => <TouchableOpacity activeOpacity={1} onPress={this.openOrClosePanel.bind(this, index)} key={index} style={{flex: 1, height: 48, alignItems: "center", justifyContent: "center"}} > <View style={{flexDirection: 'row', alignItems: "center", justifyContent: "center"}} > <Text style={[ styles.title_style, this.props.titleStyle, {color: (index === this.state.activityIndex) ? (this.props.activityTintColor ? this.props.activityTintColor : this.defaultConfig.activityTintColor) : (this.props.tintColor ? this.props.tintColor : this.defaultConfig.tintColor)} ]} > {rows[this.state.selectIndex[index]]} </Text> {this.renderDropDownArrow(index)} </View> </TouchableOpacity> ) } </View> {this.props.children} {this.renderActivityPanel()} </View> ); } } DropdownMenu.propTypes = { bgColor: PropTypes.string, tintColor: PropTypes.string, activityTintColor: PropTypes.string, arrowImg: PropTypes.number, checkImage: PropTypes.number, data: PropTypes.array, bannerAction: PropTypes.func, optionTextStyle: PropTypes.object, titleStyle: PropTypes.object, maxHeight: PropTypes.number } const styles = StyleSheet.create({ title_style: { fontSize: 16 }, item_text_style: { color: '#fdd000', fontSize: 16 } }); export default DropdownMenu;
如何使用?
render() { var data = [["分类", "分类", "分类", "分类"], ["价格", "价格"], ["筛选", "筛选"]]; return ( <View style={{flex: 1}}> <View style={styles.dropMenu}/> <DropMenu style={{flex:1}} bgColor={'white'} tintColor={'#666666'} activityTintColor={'#fdd000'} // arrowImg={} // checkImage={} // optionTextStyle={{color: '#333333'}} // titleStyle={{color: '#333333'}} // maxHeight={300} handler={(selection, row) => this.setState({text: data[selection][row]})} data={data} > <ListView style={styles.listViewStyle} dataSource={this.state.dataSource} renderRow={this.renderRow} /> </DropMenu> </View> ); }
6、React Native项目中“A+ListView”或“ListView + B”的界面搭建
项目中ScrollView嵌套ListView会造成手势滑动冲突,可以使用“A+ListView”或“ListView + B”的样式进行搭建,
通过:ListView的header或footer来实现。
7、地图展示
项目中使用的通过jsp API接入到高德地图。
二、技术难点
1、组件化思想
React Native是React在移动端的跨平台方案。如果想更快地理解和掌握React Native开发,就必须先了解React。
React是FaceBook开源的一个前端框架,它起源于 Facebook 的内部项目,并于 2013 年 5 月开源。因为React 拥有较高的性能,代码逻辑非常简单,所以越来越多的人已开始关注和使用它,目前该框架在Github上已经有7万+star。
React采用组件化的方式开发,通过将view构建成组件,使得代码更加容易得到复用,能够很好的应用在大项目的开发中。有一句话说的很形象:在React中,构建应用就像搭积木一样。
- 可组合:一个组件易于和其他组件一起使用,或者嵌套在另一个组件内部。如果一个组件内部创建了另外一个组件,那么父组件拥有它创建的子组件,通过这个特性,一个复杂的UI可以拆分成多个简单的UI组件;
- 可重用:每个组件都是具有独立功能的,它可以被使用在多个UI场景;
- 可维护:每个小的组件仅仅包含自身的逻辑,更容易被理解和维护。
2、组件的属性与状态
在React Native里,组件所持有的数据分为两种:
1、属性(props):组件的props是不可变的,它只能从其他的组件(例如父组件)传递过来。
2、状态(state):组建的state是可变的,它负责处理与用户的交互。在通过用户点击事件等操作以后,如果使得当前组件的某个state发生了改变,那么当前组件就会触发render()方法刷新自己。
props:
由于props是从其父组件传递过来的,那么可想而知,props的声明应该是当前组件的父组件来做。
3、组件的生命周期
请参考组件的生命周期
4、搭建APP的框架:Tab Navigator 和 Stack Navigator
请参考学习:React Navigation的应用
5、组件间通信
组件间通信分为两大类;
1、有直接关系或间接关系的组件之间通信
2、无直接关系或间接关系的组件之间通信