逐个使用C++11新特性

 1 int main()
 2 {
 3     map<string, vector<string>> family;
 4     family.insert(pair<string, vector<string>>("陈", {"澄", "尘"}));
 5     family.insert(pair<string, vector<string>>("朱", {"珠", "茱"}));
 6     for(const auto &mp : family)
 7     {
 8         cout << mp.first << endl;
 9         for(const auto &str : mp.second)
10             cout << str << "  ";
11         cout << endl;
12     }     
13     return 0;
14 }

 1     //右值引用
 2     int a = 5;
 3     int &b = a;
 4     int &&bb = 89;//右值引用只能绑定将亡值
 5     //int &&bb = a;//错，a是左值（持久值）
 6     a = std::move(bb);//右值引用移动
 7 
 8     cout << "引用：" << b << endl;
 9     cout << "右值引用：" << bb << endl;
10     cout << "移动： " << a << endl;  
　　　　

　　&&bb = 999;//错，类似左值引用，不可二次赋值
　　&b = 888;//错

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 #include <algorithm>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 class test
 7 {
 8 public:
 9     test();
10     ~test();
　　　　void push(const int& i);
11     void push(int&& i)
12     {
13         bar = std::move(i);//std::move(右值引用)实现移动
14     }
15 private:
16     int bar;
17 };
18 
19 int main() 
20 {
21     int a = 1;
22     test t;
23     t.push(1);
24     //t.push(a);错误无法将右值绑定到左值
25 
26     return 0;
27 }

 1     string str = "No pain, no gain! Everyone need to struggle for himself.";
 2     decltype(str.length()) count = 0, count1 =0;
 3     for (auto i : str)
 4         if (ispunct(i))
 5             ++count;
 6         else
 7             ++count1;
 8     cout << "字符串长度：" << str.size() << endl;
 9     cout << "标点字符的个数：" << count << endl;
10     cout << "其他字符的个数：" << count1 << endl;

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main() 
 6 {
 7     string str("No pain, no gain! Everyone need to struggle for himself.");
 8     cout << str << endl;
 9 
10     for (auto &c : str)
11         c = toupper(c);//小写换大写
12 
13     cout << str << endl;;
14     return 0;
15 }

//去除标点 1 
#include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 int main() 
 6 {
 7     string input, res = "";
 8     while (cin >> input)
 9     {
10         for (auto c : input)
11             if (!ispunct(c))
12                 res += c;
13         cout << res << endl;
14         res = "";
15     }
16 }

 1     //惯用法
 2     //[捕获外部变量](参数列表)->返回类型{ 函数体（别忘记";"）}
 3     auto str = "I want you!";
 4     auto f = [](string str)->int { return str.size(); };
 5     cout << f(str) << endl;
 6 
 7     int m = 999;
 8     //捕获参数---值捕获
 9     auto getValue = [m] {cout << m << endl; };
10     getValue();
11     //捕获参数---引用捕获
12     auto getValue1 = [&m] {cout << m << endl; };
13     getValue1();
14 
15     //捕获参数---隐式值捕获
16     auto getValue2 = [=] {cout << m << endl; };
17     getValue2();
18 
19     //捕获参数---隐式引用捕获
20     auto getValue3 = [&] {
21         cout << m << endl; 
22         cout << "修改：" << ++m << endl;
23     };
24     getValue3();
25 
26     int num[5] = { 1, 5, 8, 2, 3 };
27     sort(num, num + 5, [](const int a, const int b) ->bool {return a > b; });
28 
29     for (auto i : num)
30         cout << i << " ";    

 1 int main()
 2 {
 3     //lambda表达式
 4     //1.标准写法[捕获函数内局部变量列表] (传入参数列表) ->return type {function body;} ;
 5     auto fc = []()->int {
 6         return 100;
 7     };
 8     cout << "1.标准写法\n" << fc() << endl;
 9 
10     //2.带传参数
11     auto f = [](int a, int b) { 
12         return a + b; 
13     };
14     cout << "2.带传参数\n" << f(4, 5) << endl;
15 
16     //3.捕获变量值
17     int param = 100;
18     auto ff = [param](int b){
19         return param + b;
20     };
21     cout << "3.捕获变量值\n" << ff(1) << endl;
22 
23     //4.捕获变量引用
24     int param2 = 999;
25     auto ff2 = [&param2](int b){
26         param2 += 1;
27         return param2 + b;
28     };
29     cout <<  "4.捕获变量引用\n" <<ff2(1) << endl;
30     cout << param2 << endl;
31 
32     //4.当作算法函数谓词,例修改sort排序降序
33     vector<int> vec = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 9};
34     sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), [](int a, int b){ return a > b;});
35     for(auto i : vec)
36         cout << i << "  ";
37 
38     //隐式引用捕获：即默认局部变量都是引用类型，可以在λ体内修改，也可以在参数捕获列表中指定某些参数只是值捕获，否则全部默认引用捕获
39     string str = "lambda";
40     string str2 = " is good candy!";
41     auto addStr = [&]{
42         str = "lambda really";
43         return str + str2;
44     };
45     cout << addStr() << "  " << str << endl;
46     return 0;
47 }

1 　　 //多线程
2     for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
3     {
4         std::thread t([i] { cout << i << endl; });//<thread>
5         t.detach();
6     }